准备

2021-04-27：从 v1.21.0 开始，bitwarden_rs 项目更名为 Vaultwarden。参阅 #1642 了解更多说明。

这里以 Vultr VPS CentOS 7 with iptables 上部署 Vaultwarden 为例。

系统要求

Vaultwarden 使用 Rust 编写，支持 SQLite、MySQL 和 PostgreSQL 数据库后端，运行时只需要 10M 内存，可以说对硬件基本没有要求。

预设环境

• OS 为 CentOS 7 with Docker Application

• 以下设置基于 LNMP，并使用 LNMP 的相关命令、配置等

• 已存在其他 Web 服务

• 假设使用域名 vault.yourdomain.com 访问 Vaultwarden 实例

• Vaultwarden 容器的 80 端口暴露到宿主机的 8443 端口上

• 使用 LNMP 中由 Let's Encrypt 生成并自动更新的免费证书

• 在 Nginx 上设置反向代理为 Vaultwarden 开启 https

添加虚拟主机

使用如下命令添加 vhost：

lnmp vhost add

说明：

• 使用域名 vault.yourdomain.com

• 使用 INMP 自带的 Let's Encrypt 创建 SSL 证书

• 其他如 Rewrite rule、PHP Pathinfo、access log、databse、ftp 等全部选 no

虚拟主机 vault.yourdomain.com 的 Nginx 配置文件位置：/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/vault.yourdomain.com.conf

其默认的完整内容如下：

server {
  listen 80;
  # listen [::]:80;
  server_name vault.yourdomain.com;
  index index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php;
  root /home/wwwroot/vault.yourdomain.com;
  
  include rewrite/none.conf;
  # error_page   404   /404.html;
  
  # Deny access to PHP files in specific directory
  # location ~ /(wp-content|uploads|wp-includes|images)/.*\.php$ { deny all; }
  
  include enable-php.conf;
  
  location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
    expires 30d;
  }
  
  location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
    expires 12h;
  }
  
  location ~ /.well-known {
    allow all;
  }
  
  location ~ /\. {
    deny all;
  }
  
  access_log off;
}

server {
  listen 443 ssl http2;
  # listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
  server_name vault.yourdomain.com;
  index index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php;
  root /home/wwwroot/vault.yourdomain.com;
  
  ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vault.yourdomain.com/fullchain.cer;
  ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vault.yourdomain.com/vault.bitwarden.in.key;
  ssl_session_timeout 5m;
  ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
  ssl_ciphers "TLS13-AES-256-GCM-SHA384:TLS13-CHACHA20-POLY1305-SHA256:TLS13-AES-128-GCM-SHA256:TLS13-AES-128-CCM-8-SHA256:TLS13-AES-128-CCM-SHA256:EECDH+CHACHA20:EECDH+CHACHA20-draft:EECDH+AES128:RSA+AES128:EECDH+AES256:RSA+AES256:EECDH+3DES:RSA+3DES:!MD5";
  ssl_session_cache builtin:1000 shared:SSL:10m;
  # openssl dhparam -out /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/dhparam.pem 2048
  ssl_dhparam /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/dhparam.pem;
  
  include rewrite/none.conf;
  # error_page   404   /404.html;
  
  # Deny access to PHP files in specific directory
  # location ~ /(wp-content|uploads|wp-includes|images)/.*\.php$ { deny all; }
  
  include enable-php.conf;
  
  location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
    expires 30d;
  }
  
  location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
    expires 12h;
  }
  
  location ~ /.well-known {
    allow all;
  }
  
  location ~ /\. {
    deny all;
  }
  
  access_log off;
}

我们需要修改此文件，以添加如下功能：

设置反向代理

设置反向代理以使用 LNMP 生成并自动更新的免费 Let's Encrypt 证书。参考代理示例 → Nginx (by blackdex)。

在 vault.yourdomain.com 配置文件的 server { listen 443; 语句块内的第一个 location 块上方添加如下内容：

client_max_body_size 128M; # 允许大型附件

location / {
  proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8443;
  proxy_set_header Host $host;
  proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}

location /notifications/hub {
  proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3012;
  proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
  proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
}

location /notifications/hub/negotiate {
  proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8443;
}

location /admin {
  proxy_set_header Host $host;
  proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
  proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8443;
}

设置 http 跳转到 https

在 server { listen 80; 语句块内的 root ... 行下方添加一行：

return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;

另外，还要删除如下两个 location 语句块。不删除的话会导致无法解析 Vaultwarden 实例内容。

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
  expires 30d;
}

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
  expires 12h;
}

上面所有设置和修改完成后的 vault.yourdomain.com.conf 文件的完整内容如下：

server {
  listen 80;
  # listen [::]:80;
  server_name vault.yourdomain.com;
  index index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php;
  root /home/wwwroot/vault.yourdomain.com;
  
  return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; #设置 http 跳转到 https
  
  include rewrite/none.conf;
  # error_page   404   /404.html;
  
  # Deny access to PHP files in specific directory
  # location ~ /(wp-content|uploads|wp-includes|images)/.*\.php$ { deny all; }
  
  include enable-php.conf;
  
  access_log off;
}

server {
  listen 443 ssl http2;
  # listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
  server_name vault.yourdomain.com;
  index index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php;
  root /home/wwwroot/vault.yourdomain.comn;
  
  ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vault.yourdomain.com/fullchain.cer;
  ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/vault.yourdomain.com/vault.bitwarden.in.key;
  ssl_session_timeout 5m;
  ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
  ssl_ciphers "TLS13-AES-256-GCM-SHA384:TLS13-CHACHA20-POLY1305-SHA256:TLS13-AES-128-GCM-SHA256:TLS13-AES-128-CCM-8-SHA256:TLS13-AES-128-CCM-SHA256:EECDH+CHACHA20:EECDH+CHACHA20-draft:EECDH+AES128:RSA+AES128:EECDH+AES256:RSA+AES256:EECDH+3DES:RSA+3DES:!MD5";
  ssl_session_cache builtin:1000 shared:SSL:10m;
  # openssl dhparam -out /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/dhparam.pem 2048
  ssl_dhparam /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/dhparam.pem;
  
  include rewrite/none.conf;
  # error_page   404   /404.html;
  
  # Deny access to PHP files in specific directory
  # location ~ /(wp-content|uploads|wp-includes|images)/.*\.php$ { deny all; }
  
  include enable-php.conf;
  
  # ==设置反向代理开始== #
  client_max_body_size 128M; #允许大型附件
  
  location / {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8443;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
  }
  
  location /notifications/hub {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3012;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
  }
  
  location /notifications/hub/negotiate {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8443;
  }
  
  location /admin {
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8443;
  }
  # ==设置反向代理结束== #
  
  location ~ /.well-known {
    allow all;
  }
  
  location ~ /\. {
    deny all;
  }
  
  access_log off;
}

重启 nginx 使配置生效：

/etc/init.d/nginx restart

其他

在 Vultr 实例上开放相应的外部访问端口

Vultr 实例默认开启了 443 端口，如果你使用非 443 端口，需要在 Vultr 后台或在 CentOS 上添加相应的防火墙规则。